Infliction of pain, injury or use of force. For example: hitting, pushing, rough handling, over-medication, inappropriate use of restraints or confinement.

Behaviour causing mental anguish, stress or fear. For example: ridicule or threats, harassment or humiliation, preventing choice or decision-making, withholding affection.

Illegal or improper use of money, property or other assets. For example: unauthorised taking of money or possessions, misuse of power of attorney, failure to repay loans, use of home and/or utilities without contributing to costs, scams that rely on establishing a relationship with the older person with the intention of exploiting their savings and/or assets, e.g. romance scams.

Non-consensual sexual acts or exploitive behaviours. For example: inappropriate touching, sexual acts with someone unable to give consent.

A policy or accepted practice within an organisation that disregards a person’s rights or causes harm. For example: lack of respect for a person’s culture or customs, inappropriate rationing of continence products, inflexible routines e.g. breakfast at 8 am in the dining room.

Not providing for physical, emotional or social needs. For example: inadequate food, clothing, shelter, lack of social contact, support, health needs not attended to.